IIBEC Canadian Prairies is hosting a Lunch n Learn talk on Expansion Joints | The Basics. On the right, the joint is protecting a raised wall from possible deck movement. Finite Element Analysis It is mainly used for heat exchangers. They compress in most applications. We wish to re-emphasize that since our U.S. Bellows Team is a member of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association, One important consideration when dealing with these types of movements is the use of control rods, which are essential pieces of hardware added to the expansion joint during installation. Were going to go into some basic expansion joint application This particular expansion joint is installed in a line where we have a directional main anchor and a main anchor (shown above). More typical arrangements include straight spool pieces, both single and multiple arched; reducing joints, both eccentric and concentric; and simple sleeve types and flanged hoses. These Expansion Joints will be Installed in a Heater for a Delayed Coker Unit. bellows. The bodyor carcass as it is sometimes calledis the internal reinforcement encapsulated by the tube and cover. The body provides the expansion joints structural strength under varying system pressures and vacuum conditions. Lined Expansion Joints This is defined as the area of the bellows times the pressure in the line. Pipe growth between anchors (?) INSIDE, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Treatment The information on this slide provides some more comprehensive guide-lines as to where the installation of Anchors, Supports and / Guides should be placed, the elimination of the loop's elbow-generated pressure losses. Step-by-step instructions of expansion joint repair. Hinged Expansion Joints contain hinges or pivots which allow the unit to bend in a single plane. the structural members supporting the system. On the left is a 44 universal joint with tie-rods This is what we call our pre-bulge process. Expansion joints provide stress relief from thermal and mechanical vibrations and/or movements in piping systems. Liners An expansion joint is a mid-structure separation designed to absorb vibration, join objects, or allow movement. Back to the expansion joint, to the left we have a DMA or Directional Main Anchor. up to 4 in Each Plane Non-metallic joints are also superior to metallic joints when used to absorb vibration. In order to help you make the right decision for your manufacturing, here are some of the basic types of expansion joints that you should know about. Valve in a Steel Mill In Action: Repairing Failed Expansion Joints in Healthcare, https://www.belzona.com/en/about/disfinder.aspx, Asset Integrity Management with Belzona SuperWrap II, Development of novel epoxy closed-cell foam for personnel and corrosion protectionPart 1, Steel Fabricator Saves Millions, Thanks to Polymeric Repair and Protection Systems, Belzona Shortlisted for Sustainability Award, Belzona Shortlisted for Business in the Community Award, New Epoxy Structural Adhesive Provides Metal Cold Bonding Solution. for the entire system. Here is an 80 expansion joint which we built in 6 weeks for a refinery. Expansion Joint Basics Webinar Ltd. Experts agree that many non-metallic expansion joint failures result from incorrect information or lack of information. Please feel free to contact Belzona representative in India so that you could discuss the issues with expansion joints with someone locally. Sometimes the simplest construction details can be among the most important. We sandblasted and repainted it for protection. Burst, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Protective, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com It is designed to operate at 58 PSIG and temperatures up to 1,450 F. Liners will necessarily have to be We welded the bellows to the flanges. Many members of the Fluid Sealing Association (FSA) Non-Metallic Expansion Joints Division and of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association (EJMA) feel that expansion joints are the forgotten components of many piping systems. In many ways, expansion joints are the most important components of a well-designed piping system. They are referred to as compensators, which best describes them. usually long, our units are designed so that the thermal expansion of the entire unit's length is accepted 24" Dia. Refurbishment of 54" Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint Accessories the Very Same Day), 5:30pm The talk will begin at 11:30. Externally Pressurized Expansion Joints Designs that have only two tie rods have the additional ability to accommodate angular rotation. The (321) stainless steel bellows and carbon steel root rings were replaced. The principle of this Functional Capabilities. For expansion joints to perform properlycompress when the pipe growsthey must be located between two fixed points or anchors. Small diameter compensators are available with threaded male ends, butt weld ends or copper sweat ends. The main purposes of an elastomeric expansion joint are to reduce noise and vibration and Construction. The actual flow velocity should be multiplied by 4 to determine if a liner is required per the above guidelines. It extends seamlessly through the ID of the expansion joint from outside flange to outside flange. can provide your design engineers with the potential forces and movements for proper design of They are designed to limit the amount of movement the expansion joint is exposed to during operation. Connectors / Particulate Barriers Types of Expansion Joints - Toroidal Stitching, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Arch broadening or migration can result in premature joint failure. Here are some additional photos of some pressure balanced elbow expansion joints. Emergency Service Trowel mixed Belzona 4111 up to the former to rebuild the expansion joint nosings. connection is specified. 76" Diameter Single Tied Expansion Joint In Europe, the term expansion joint is not used. 450,000 Square Feet of Covered and purges are specified. Expansion Joint Basics. balancing end. They consist of one or more metal bellows, connectors at both ends, and tie rods that depend on the application. Learn how flexible bellows compensate for axial, angular, lateral, and torsional forces on a piping system. 80" Dia., 36" Long Refractory-lined Tied Universal Expansion Joint USED TO CALCULATE END THRUST LOAD WHICH WILL BE Same-Day. Joint Refurbished Types of Expansion Joints - Refractory-lined purpose of this arrangement is to have a unit which will accept large amounts of lateral deflection. Design conditions: 150 PSIG at 350F Falling tools, standing on the bellows, contact with pipes, a Clamshell Bellows. Hinged expansion joints are very useful tools, especially in larger diameter piping runs where weight has to be supported. The right images show the fabric being applied to the joint. Thermal forces are considerably greater than the control unit's strength because the cross-section of the steel pipe is greater than that of the control rods. are necessary when particulate barriers The rigidity of the pipes and connections do not allow for such movements without placing the material under unnecessary stress. Value-Added Services This slide shows a timeline that starts Friday, goes through Saturday, and ends Sunday. Spring Rate Testing deflection in only one plane, it can accept bending or angulation in any plane. The second expansion joint was also for a high pressure turbine, which was replaced during a planned outage. construction and later maintenance activities. Recently we have fabricated alot of bellows from Hastelloy C-276. movements should be specified, in order The main anchors must resist the sum of the above two forces: Pressure Thrust + Bellows Spring Force This Webinar is hosted by U.S. Bellows, a division of Piping Technology & Products Top Left: 16 NPS x 126 OAL Tied Universal EJ with 321 SS bellows and 304L SS pipeBottom Left: 12 NPS x 90 OAL Tied Universal EJ with 321 SS bellows and 304L SS pipe normally, and as shown in the above sketch, is a tied universal type to accept lateral They compress in most applications. They are the living and breathing dynamic part of the whole system. extension. Externally, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Since there are no standard duct sizes, and due to the flash or catalyst), a barrier This can be avoided with control rods set with clearances within the allowable movement limit of the joint. PT&P is a member of MSS, SPED, and APFA. Expansion Joints are used to absorb dimensional changes caused by thermal expansion or contraction of a pipeline, duct, or vessel while containing the system pressure. This can lead to permanent deformation and/or immediate bellows failure. Lindsey-USA Transmission and Manufacturing Co. WMSP Diverter, WMSP Diverter Oilfield Equipment - WOM Group, Valvespiping 150416183623-conversion-gate01, ASME Vessels, Pig Launchers, Strainers and More from Sweco Fab, Slide Plates and the Fight Against Friction, Design, Application & Installation of Pipe Clamps Webinar, The Design Secrets of Slide Plates & Pipe Rollers Webinar, Shock Control, Restraint, & Support Devices Webinar, Engineering and Design Webinar - September, McDonell XF-85 Goblin Design and Development Summary.pdf. There is some thermal movement vertically at the top and bottom that will have to absorbed by some piping flexibility. Being relatively thin, the bellows element should be protected on the outside from damage during plant 60" Pressure Balanced Elbow Expansion Joint, deflections to be accepted are handled by the proper type of expansion joint, which In structures, expansion joints can help absorb the expansion and contraction of concrete slabs as a result of temperature changes. Note: It is our responsibility to protect your privacy and we guarantee that your data will be completely confidential. It will help those who dont know how to do expansion joint repair because in your videos you have explained each and every step in detail. Apply Belzona 9411 (Release Agent) onto the wooden batten and position it in the joint. Here are some other types of bellows that we fabricate Expansion Joint Basics. Please note that the differences in the calculations, as it pertains to either Air, Steam and Gases, compared to Water and other Liquids. The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe thermal expansion coefficient is more than three times that of stainless steel. Metal bellows expansion joints are manufactured using high-quality metals including all grades of stainless steel, and some exotic metals such as Inconnel and Monel. expensive type, but requires that the piping be controlled as to the direction of the movements The talk will begin at 11:30. WebBack to Basics: Expansion Joints. Additionally, we offer complete pipe stress We Limit, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com The Find other articles in this series. Nicco Engineering Services Ltd The expansion joints were designed for an axial compression of 1.5 Pipe. As we move along the pipe line towards the expansion joint you can see the guides positioned at various intervals. expansion joints, are suited for extension while restraining the full pressure thrust of the system. Fabric expansion jointsare available in an array of frame design and belt configurations. They are also used extensively in refineries, chemical plants, heat exchangers, aerospace, onboard ships and engine exhaust systems, (Top-Left) Axial Movement refers to the change in dimensional length of the bellows parallel to the centerline of the expansion joint of ceramic fiber can be utilized to prevent Expansion Joints Fabricated from In, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Find the force due to the pressure:
4" Refractory Lining, 321 Stainless Steel Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In this particular application, the joint is tied at the elbow. It is necessary to know how many cycles a joint can move the predicted movement. Space and Size Limitations. Expansion joints should not be located at any point in a piping system that wouldimpose torque to the expansion joint as a result of thermal change or settlement. DIAMETERS. The main anchor doesnt allow that elbow to move in any direction. and carbon steel 150 lb. ASME U-Stamp We invite your questions on sealing issues and will provide best efforts answers based on FSA publications. This minimizes the transmission of noise, vibration and stresses into the adjacent piping or equipment. This is a constant volume system, in Types of Expansion Joints - Hinged WebPiping expansion joint design basics. -We use ANSYS for Mesh Generation and Analysis and Results Analysis 36" Pressure Balanced Elbow Expansion Joints An elastomeric expansion joint typically consists of the tube, carcass and cover (see Figure 2). extend the unit are only the result of the spring resistance of the bellows, and main anchoring of the pipe Steel Clamp Rings) expansion joints were cold formed and heat treated. 2, Hare Street, Nicco House They are the living and breathing dynamic part of the whole system. Piping, pipe support and Movements include axial extension and compressions, lateral movements and angular movements. direction the lateral and angular movements will occur, i.e. The type of belt used is decided by the external and internal environments much like rubber expansion joints. The load on IA is equal to the force necessary to compress the expansion joint in the lateral direction. initial investment. Hinged Universal Expansion Joint, Material Types It cannot take any axial motion and cannot be slotted to take any axial motion because they have to be designed to take the full pressure thrust. In retrofit offset applications, field measurements are often taken for the design and fabrication of custom-built expansion joints. Despite the name, expansion joints normally do not expand during operation. 200 psig x 126 in2 = 25,200 Lbs, 2. Thank You for Joining Our Webinar on Expansion Joints Non-metallic joints can handle some higher-pressure conditions better than metallic joints. These are used to take away the pressure thrust so that all you have on the equipment is the forces necessary to deflect the expansion joint bellows. of Expansion Joints - Rectangular Metallic The main anchor doesnt allow that elbow to move in any direction. This particular expansion joint was fabricated for a high pressure turbine crossover piping for steam service of ninety-seven (97) PSIG at six-hundred and thirty-four degrees Fahrenheit (634F). If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. All expansion joints exert a force that pushes the pipe ends apart, pressure thrust; which is proportional to the operating pressure and the diameter of the bellows. Bellows Movement & Motion HASTELLOY C-276 Exchangers Rectangular Metallic Expansion Joints Bellows Fabrication: Stage 1, Fabrication: Stage 2 The cover is the exterior surface of the expansion joint, and it is made of synthetic or natural rubber. Make sure to fill in all the empty spaces with the mixed product. carbon steel or stainless steel, and in diameters of 42" or larger. They are referred to as compensators, which best describes them. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. and pressure balanced expansion joints. Attention P.E.s: this Webinar is worth 1 PDH credit for TX P.E.s 55' Long by 14' 6" Wide Rectangular Metallic Expansion Joint Protective Covers: expansion. A full range of materials are available including chlorobutyl, nitrile, chloroprene, EPDM, chlorosulfonated polyethylene and fluoroelastomers, as well as PTFE. carbon steel flanges. The body can have two types of reinforcement: fabric reinforcement consisting of quality synthetic fabrics and metal reinforcement in the form of wire or solid steel rings. lower overall system cost when the elimination of main anchoring is considered. Refractory-lined expansion joints are custom designed for each application due to the extreme in relationship to the installation location of an Expansion Joint. At some critical end load, the column will buckle, and in a similar manner, at a sufficient pressure, an internally pressurized bellows that is installed between fixed points will also buckle, or squirm. As a result, seals are frequently installed in expansion joints to prevent incompressible debris from entering the joint. The bellows designer selects the thickness and convolutiongeometry to produce a bellows design that approaches, and often exceeds thecapacity of the adjoining pipe to contain system pressure at the specifieddesign temperature. The In these particular hinged expansion joints, they have refractory lining and were used in an FCC unit in a plant in South Africa. As you can see, we have not only the intermediate anchor but also have the pipe guides in the horizontal sections to help keep the pipe in line and allow movement towards the expansion joint so that it can deflect laterally. Erik Daron becomes President & General Manager of Teikoku USA Inc. Randy Brown Named Acting President of Fluid Components International, Brel & Kjr Vibro Names Ingo Anders as CEO, Choose the Right Mechanical Seal for Potable Water Production, The Benefits of Switching to a Pump Gas Seal, Permanently Installed Technology: The Major Advance in Motor Testing, A Complete Guide to Pressure Measurement Basics, Ensuring Water Safety With ANSI/NSF-61 Certification, Treatment Plant Makes a Successful Switch From UV to PAA to Disinfect Effluent, In-depth articles on pump industry issues, Expert insights into important topics in the field. working or primary bellows. Steam TITANIUM Round corner bellows will At U.S. Bellows we exercise the practice of using the methodology of butt-welding our longitudinal seam welds on all our metallic Expansion Joints. Joint with Control Rods. Pro/E for 3-D Part Design 128" x 229" Rectangular Fabric Expansion Joint, the Fabric Belt on the 1st In order to accept these movements, a bellows is added Our Manufacturing Facility Materials expand and contract with thermal change. Some general back-to-basics information can help. In addition, the elastomeric material provides excellent resistance to wear and cyclic loading, particularly compared to its metallic counterparts. In our expansion joint catalog three standard overall lengths are given with their lateral movement Below we have Rubber type neoprene expansion joint. Under axial deformation, the expansion joint spring rate also must be considered. Belzona also offer solutions to an extensive range of engineering problems and repair situations. A reliable piping system requires an understanding of both the expansion joint's basic functions and the overall piping system's requirements. insulation bags and liner seals. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. FCC Units Waste Water SPRING, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Performing a In order to help you make the right decision for your manufacturing, here are some of the basic types of expansion joints that you should know about. The seals need to be correctly sized to maintain the pressure against the walls, but the seal can still disjoin with the loss of elasticity over time. Depending on the size of the line where the tie rods end to the center of the pipe there is a small amount of thermal growth that has to be absorbed by piping flexibility. The ring there also acts as a guide ring so when using this in a steam line you dont have to use the guide at 4 Pipe diameters away. On this slide, we see an application of a hinged expansion joint. Telephone:+91 33 66285209 Where the top of the line can be supported with springs and the whole load of the vertical section of the pipe can be transmitted to the hinge pins on the joints. Bellows Basics Compression seals are neoprene or cellular seals in the form of a series of webs that provide outward pressure against joint walls to hold the seal in place. Expansion joints may be the right solution simply because they take up less space than a hose or because the diameter required lies outside the typical range of hose sizes. I would also like to remind you, that if you have a question, please feel free to chat with us during the presentation or after the presentation during the Questions and Answers Session.. Even pipe runs of only 30 to 40 feet can be a problem if an expansion joint is not used. It can The tube material is. Elastomeric expansion joints serve many functions in modern piping systems including absorbing all directional movements, reducing noise and vibration, resisting shock, relieving pipe and anchor stresses, compensating for misalignment and providing access to piping and equipment. It was required by one of our customers to make sure that when we over-pressurize that there is no catastrophic failure. District Materials expand and contract with thermal change. Our engineering and design department is involved in the following processes: in order to assure proper placements of Anchors, Supports or Guides in relationship to the installation location of any Expansion Joint. - No main anchors required Media: This refers to operating media that may come in contact with the expansion joints inner liner as well as external atmospheric conditions that could be incompatible with the cover material. Deflections are resulted from changes in temperature and predictable variations of the system. Non-metallic expansion joints, on the other hand, are not limited by cycling fatigue. low levels. Two, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Attention Attendees: to listen to the audio portion, check that your speakers or headset are on and turned up Once the Belzona product has cured, carefully remove the wooden former from the joint. axial pressure thrust forces, which must be reacted by main and directional anchors. -Our engineering and design department uses Finite Element Analysis for many projects: All layers contribute to the overall strength and protection of the expansion joint while maintaining flexibility. Diameters range from 4" to 10" What Are the Basics of Applying Expansion Joints? Tied, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com An expansion joint is a mid-structure separation designed to absorb vibration, join objects, or allow movement. Right: High Strength Inconel 625 LCF bellows and A105 flanges1400 psig and 120 degrees F and 4-1/2 lateral movement Universal Expansion Joint when the piping is heated. It had tie-rods attached to the pipe by a continuous ring that was circumferentially welded to the pipe. potential clogging of the space provided for slip movement. The other guides should be placed at a distance found on any table for guide spacing on a 12 inch line depending on the pressure. Morning and Shipped Expansion Joint Basics. ; 150 psig at 150F) (MBE) by City of Houston In this slide please take particular notice of the (3) universal type to Expansion Joints. 108" Diameter Thick Wall Expansion Joint Chemical resistance guides are useful in selecting elastomeric materials compatible with the process fluid. In-line, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Piping systems and ducting systems are constantly under stress related to thermal expansion and mechanical growth. In the event of a main anchor failure, limit rods are designed to prevent bellows over- The use of a floating ring, attached to the pipe by shear pads. It is fixed in the horizontal and vertical directions. Other piping system componentsflanges, gaskets, strainers, valves, pumps and the pipe itselfseem to get most of the design time. Large diameter units, even with low pressures, can generate very large Using Belzona 2911, condition the internal parts of the joint. In order to help you make the right decision for your manufacturing, here are some of the basic types of expansion joints that you should know about. (Designed for 125 psig, 244F and 48,000 lb. Please forward any additional questions or inquiries to us at One movement cycle occurs each time the expansion joint deflects from the installed length, to the operating temperature length, and then back again to the original installation length. On the right is a clamshell bellows. In general, non-metallic joints can withstand axial compression and lateral offset movement combinations better than metallic expansion joints because material fatigue is not a factor. Movements include axial extension and compressions, lateral movements and angular movements. The pressure thrust force of an expansion joint is defined in Equation 1. Expansion Joint Wear and Damage. Development, Movement Lateral Movement Vibrations Expansion joints provide stress relief from thermal and mechanical vibrations and/or movements in piping systems. It is sometimes desirable to limit the axial expansion or compression of the expansion joint. High cycle life designs may be desirable for service applications that include frequent start up/shut down cycles. This particular one has a ninety-two inch (92") inside diameter and designed for four-hundred (400) PSIG and five-hundred degrees Fahrenheit (500F). shown. For more information about expansion joints, contact Gallagher Fluid Seals today. Non-metallic expansion joints typically consist of three layers: the tube, body and cover. We have our ASME U-Stamp, R-Stamp for our Sweco Fab division Intermediate anchors are required to withstand the spring force generated when the expansion joint is deflected, but the need for main anchors is eliminated. This Extends the life of metallic expansion joints This was tested to 110 PSI, which verified not only that the bellows was sound but also with a proof test that showed the square gimbal structure was restraining the thrust. They compress in most applications. a difficult design problem. such as high in the air or short straight pipe runs Thermal growth of pipe materials will cause serious problems if ignored or disregarded. On the left is a Toroidal joint which is used for high pressure. Failure analysis can help define what a seal experienced during operation before failing. Types of Expansion Joints way the pressure thrust is contained as tension in the tie rods. Sealing Sense is produced by the Fluid Sealing Association as part of our commitment to industry consensus technical education for pump users, contractors, distributors, OEMs and reps. As a source of technical information on sealing systems and devices, and in cooperation with the European Sealing Association, the FSA also supports development of harmonized standards in all areas of fluid sealing technology. Careful attention must be given to selecting an expansion joint that will accommodate the predicted thermal movements. Bellows and A588-A Corten Angle was fabricated from .060" Inconel 600 with A-516 Gr. We invite your suggestions for article topics as well as questions on sealing issues so we can better respond to the needs of the industry. Will the lack of anexpansion joint hamper or destroy thefunction of the facility, or cause damageto the structural or architectural compo-nents? Axial Compression: Reduction of the bellows length due to piping expansion. Expansion Joints Immediate Online Inquiry. which require heavy gauge liners. 2 ft./sec./inch of diameter. Here is the companys contact information. Thoroughly mix Belzona 5231 Base and Solidifier until a uniform color is achieved. Single Expansion Joints: Made by attaching fittings to a single bellows, these expansion joints are typically used for axial compression and extension. The tube is a leak-proof protective inner liner made of synthetic or natural rubber. In many applications, elastomeric expansion joint spring rates are lower than those of metallic joints, especially for higher-pressure applications. The main purposes of an elastomeric expansion joint are to reduce noise and vibration and Construction.